
INTELLIBOND
IntelliBond Trace Minerals Series: Part #3 – STABILITY
Trace Minerals and Nutrient/Additive Stability
- Weak ionic bonds from copper sulfate and zinc sulfate cause solubility and dissociation of free metal ions when exposed to moisture.
- Soluble minerals can leach out of feed when exposed to precipitation.
- Mineral premixes that contain water soluble sources of trace minerals are more hygroscopic (absorb water).

Leaching
Simulated rainfall experiments took place over 5 days with a rain event occurring every other day for a total of 3 rain events. Rainfall amounts studied were totals of 2, 4, and 6 inches spread evenly amongst the 3 days of rain. Each rainfall experiment yielded similar results (Wiebusch et al., 2015).
Clumping
Premixes that contain sulfates and water soluable organic trace minerals tend to have more clumping issues than premixes made with IntelliBond. IntelliBond-formulated premixes have less clumping issues than premixes containing sulfate trace minerals. Samples of premixes containing either sulfates and organic trace minerals (control) or IntelliBond were placed into a humid chamber for 24 hours, then removed and weighed to determine moisture accumulation. Premixes that contained sulfates and organic trace minerals absorbed more water from the environment than the IntelliBond premix (Micronutrients trial #2018BF128USCZM).

Free Copper Ion Accelerate Nutrient Oxidation
Free copper ions from CuSO4 are pro-oxidant and accelerate oxidation of lipids (Miles et al., 1998), vitamins (Lu et al., 2010; Luo et al., 2005), and enzymes (Liu et al., 2005; Pang and Applegate, 2006).

Antimicrobial Free Metal Ions And Probiotics
Free copper and zinc ions are antimicrobial. An experiment showed that source of copper can affect the viability of probiotics (Klasing, unpublished data).

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Precision Nutrition Includes Trace Minerals
Precision Nutrition Includes Trace Minerals. Given that feed costs represent 40-70%+ of the total cost of milk production, this article by Dr Heinri Spangenberg is made particularly relevant for those nutritionists and dairy farmers who are serious about precision to achieve optimal profit margins.
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